A liquid pharmaceutical firm reduces costs by replacing human inspectors with programmed machinery. Which type of artificial intelligence does this relate to?

The scenario described involves a liquid pharmaceutical firm implementing programmed machinery to replace human inspectors, which primarily focuses on automating processes through predetermined rules and logic without significantly involving learning from data. This aligns with the concept of mechanical intelligence.

Mechanical intelligence pertains to systems designed to perform specific tasks with precision and efficiency, relying on predefined algorithms rather than adapting or learning from experiences. In this case, the programmed machinery is likely set up for quality control in manufacturing, performing inspections based on standards that are coded into the system.

The other types of artificial intelligence mentioned—such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing—typically involve more complex systems that adapt over time by analyzing data or understanding contextual language. This goes beyond simply performing programmed tasks and requires a level of learning that is not evident in the process described in the question. Thus, the focus on cost reduction and operational efficiency through automation fits neatly within the realm of mechanical intelligence.