Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods.

B is the correct choice because it highlights the essential distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research is primarily concerned with understanding the underlying reasons, motivations, and opinions of participants. It seeks to gain insights into complex social phenomena and often involves unstructured or semi-structured data collection methods such as interviews, focus groups, and open-ended survey questions. The data obtained is typically non-numerical and descriptive, which allows researchers to explore deeper insights and the context surrounding the data.

On the other hand, quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and utilizing statistical methods to analyze this data. This approach is aimed at measuring and quantifying variables to identify patterns, test hypotheses, and make predictions. It usually involves structured methods such as surveys with closed-ended questions, where responses can be quantified, and the findings can be statistically analyzed.

Understanding this fundamental difference is crucial because it helps researchers select the appropriate method based on their research objectives. While qualitative research is about exploring the "why" behind behaviors and opinions, quantitative research deals with the "how many" or "how much" aspects of the data.